Module 1 · Foundations of CAE · Lesson 02
Talking about yourself beyond the script
Get talking · Section 1
4 minAnswer 'Where are you from?' in 5s, 20s, 45s versions. Which felt most C1?
'I like my city.' / 'I am from a beautiful city.' What makes these B2? Upgrade each.
Pick two adjectives that describe you accurately but contradict each other slightly. Defend both.
Quick rule
Simple = completed / result. Continuous = ongoing / in-progress process. Mixing them shows you can describe yourself across time.
C1 Speaking Part 1 frequently triggers questions about your life so far ('Have you always lived here?', 'Have you been studying English long?'). The difference between present perfect simple (focus on result / completion) and continuous (focus on duration / ongoing process) carries meaning. Mixing them shows you can describe yourself across time — not just in the present.
Examples
I've lived here for about five years — it's home. (completed move, settled state)
I've been living here on and off since I was a student. (ongoing, irregular)
I've changed careers twice. (two completed events)
I've been thinking about changing careers again. (ongoing thought process)
I've always been the sort of person who needs a routine. (life-long state)
Quick check
Question 1.'Have you been working in tech long?' — '___ '
Question 2.Which best emphasises an ongoing, unfinished process?
Question 3.Pick the most C1 self-description:
Question 4.'How long ___ in your current role?'
Build the sentence → spot the natural chunks → say it aloud → reply like a real conversation.
1.Build a present perfect continuous answer about a hobby.
2.Build a present perfect simple answer about a life event.
to be drawn to (something)
to feel a natural attraction or interest in
Use it now
Say one sentence that is true about you using this expression.
to take up (a hobby)
to start doing a new activity, especially regularly
Use it now
Say one sentence that is true about you using this expression.
to grow into (a role)
to gradually become comfortable in a position over time
Use it now
Say one sentence that is true about you using this expression.
a turning point
a moment that significantly changed your direction
Use it now
Say one sentence that is true about you using this expression.
fulfilling
giving a deep sense of satisfaction
Use it now
Say one sentence that is true about you using this expression.
demanding
requiring a lot of skill, time or effort — neutral, not negative
Use it now
Say one sentence that is true about you using this expression.
rewarding in its own way
satisfying for reasons that aren't obvious from outside
Use it now
Say one sentence that is true about you using this expression.
where I see myself heading
the direction I think my life / career is going
Use it now
Say one sentence that is true about you using this expression.
Tap an item on the left, then tap its match on the right.
Pronunciation · Section 4
3 minC1 speakers contract naturally and reduce the auxiliary to a weak /əv/ or /əd/. Saying every word in full sounds robotic.
Reading · Section 5
8 minThe concept of the 'career for life' has long been relegated to the archives of industrial history. In its place, a more fluid, often fragmented professional narrative has emerged—one that demands a high degree of self-awareness and the ability to pivot with grace. This shift isn't merely about job-hopping; it represents a fundamental change in how we perceive personal growth and professional identity. Many individuals have been questioning their long-term trajectories, seeking something that feels less like a script and more like a conscious choice. We are no longer content to simply 'be' our job titles; we are constantly evaluating whether our current path remains fulfilling or has become a mere exercise in habit.
Oftentimes, the catalyst for change isn't a dramatic upheaval but a subtle internal shift. Someone might find themselves increasingly drawn to a field that previously resided on the periphery of their interests. Perhaps they’ve taken up a creative pursuit in their spare time, only to find that it offers a sense of engagement their primary vocation lacks. This initial curiosity can be the seed of a total career overhaul. However, the transition isn't usually instantaneous. It’s a process of trial and error, where one must balance the demanding nature of learning something new with the inherent satisfaction of mastery. It is, in every sense, rewarding in its own way, even when the immediate benefits are not financial.
As we navigate these transitions, we often encounter what could be described as a 'turning point'—a moment where the internal desire for change aligns with an external opportunity. Recognizing these moments requires a departure from the 'I like / I don't like' binary of early career thinking. Instead, it involves a more sophisticated, hedged approach to self-assessment. One might say, 'I’ve been exploring this new area, and while it’s been challenging, I’m starting to see how it fits into my broader goals.' This kind of evaluative language reflects a maturity that is essential for sustainable growth. It acknowledges that no role is perfect, but some are undoubtedly more aligned with our evolving selves than others.
Furthermore, the process of growing into a role is rarely linear. We might start a new position with a degree of trepidation, only to find that our skills and interests coalesce in unexpected ways. This isn't just about gaining experience; it’s about a fundamental shift in perspective. We move from being an outsider looking in to an active participant shaping the environment. This evolution is often marked by a change in how we describe our future. Instead of a fixed destination, we talk about where we see ourselves heading—a phrase that implies both direction and the flexibility to adjust our course as needed.
Ultimately, the ability to narrate our own professional lives with range and nuance is a vital skill. It’s not just about what we’ve done, but how we’ve grown through the doing. By embracing the complexity of our experiences—the demanding days alongside the fulfilling ones—we create a narrative that is both authentic and compelling. This is the hallmark of a truly advanced professional identity: the capacity to look back on one's journey not as a series of random events, but as a deliberate and ongoing process of self-creation. In doing so, we move beyond the script and into a territory where our careers are a true reflection of who we are becoming.
Question 1.In the first paragraph, what point does the author make about personal evolution?
Question 2.The author uses the phrase 'to be drawn to' in the second paragraph...
Question 3.What does the author suggest about 'growing into a role'?
Question 4.What is the author's view on 'turning points'?
Question 5.What is the significance of the phrase 'where I see myself heading' in the final paragraph?
Question 6.Which of the following best describes the overall tone of the text?
Q1.The author suggests that initial interests in a new field often begin as secondary or peripheral activities.
Q2.The text argues that a 'turning point' is usually a sudden event that requires no prior self-reflection.
Q3.The transition into a new career is presented as a balance between difficult challenges and personal satisfaction.
Q4.The author believes that using the phrase 'where I see myself heading' indicates a lack of clear career goals.
Listening · Section 6
8 minListening audio
Tap play to listen. Replay as many times as you need.
Priya (RP, f):Welcome to 'Life Transitions'. Today I'm joined by Rhys and Isla to discuss why we choose the paths we do. Rhys, you've recently made a bit of a leap, haven't you?
Rhys (Welsh, m):I have indeed. I’ve been working as a freelance illustrator for a decade, but recently I’ve taken up a teaching post at the local college. I'd reached a stage where solo work felt slightly isolating, and I was drawn to the idea of a more collaborative environment.
It’s been demanding, certainly, but rewarding in its own way.
Priya (RP, f):That's a significant shift. Isla, you’ve had a rather different journey in the tech industry, haven't you? What was the turning point for you?
Isla (Scottish, f):Well, I’ve been developing software since I left university, but the real change came when I moved into project management. I’ve always enjoyed the coding aspect, but I found myself wanting to see the bigger picture. I suppose I’ve grown into the role of a leader, though it wasn't something I initially sought out.
It’s a very different kind of fulfilling.
Priya (RP, f):Rhys, do you miss the freedom of your old life? Some might say you've traded autonomy for security.
Rhys (Welsh, m):It’s a fair point, and I did agonise over it. I’ve been questioning my choices lately, especially when the marking piles up! But overall, I feel more grounded.
I wouldn't say I've 'settled'—more that I’ve refined what I value. Where I see myself heading now is more towards curriculum design, actually.
Isla (Scottish, f):Interesting. Isla, you mentioned 'growing into the role'. Do you think we often over-plan our trajectories?
Isla (Scottish, f):Absolutely. People often stick to a script they wrote for themselves at twenty-one. I’ve been observing my peers recently, and those who are happiest are those who allowed their interests to evolve naturally.
You have to be open to the fact that what you found stimulating five years ago might not cut it now.
Priya (RP, f):So, it's about being evaluative rather than just checking boxes?
Rhys (Welsh, m):Precisely. It’s about recognizing when a situation no longer serves your growth. I've been reflecting on this quite a bit, and I think we often mistake consistency for success.
Sometimes, the most 'successful' thing you can do is admit you need a change of pace.
Priya (RP, f):That sounds like a very C1 approach to life! Thank you both for sharing your insights today. It’s clear that whether we’ve been staying the course or pivoting, the key is that sense of personal evolution.
Isla (Scottish, f):Thanks for having us, Priya. It’s certainly given me more food for thought regarding my next steps.
Question 1.Why did Rhys decide to transition from freelance illustration to teaching?
Question 2.What does Isla imply about her move into project management?
Question 3.How does Rhys feel about his current workload at the college?
Question 4.When discussing career trajectories, Isla suggests that...
Question 5.What core idea do Rhys and Isla seem to agree on?
Question 6.What is Priya’s attitude towards the discussion of life transitions?
Question 1.Which of these techniques does Maya MOST clearly use across her answers?
Visual stimulus · Section 7
3 minThese are the kind of photos Cambridge gives candidates in Speaking Part 2.

Discuss in pairs
Compare and contrast: what's similar, what's different, and which environment is more demanding — and why? Speak for 60 seconds each.
Strategy
Example
Q: 'Do you enjoy where you live?' A: 'Broadly yes — I'm in a quiet area near a park, which suits me, especially after a long day. I used to think I needed a busy neighbourhood, but I've changed my mind on that, actually.'
Practice · Section 9
7 minQuestion 1.I've been ___ to design since I was a teenager.
Question 2.I'd describe my job as demanding, but ___ in its own way.
Question 3.It was a real ___ point for me, looking back.
Question 4.I've ___ into the role over the last six months.
Question 5.These days, I've been ___ up cycling on weekends.
Question 6.It's broadly where I see myself ___ , professionally.
Q1.Open Cloze (one word): 'I've ___ always been the kind of person who needs a routine.'
Q2.Key Word Transformation. Original: 'I started running a year ago and I still do it.' Use BEEN. Rewrite: 'I've ___ for a year.'
Writing · Section 10
4 minYour task
Draft your SSI answers (60–80 words each) for FOUR likely Speaking Part 1 questions.
Before you submit
Where I live: I've been based in Lisbon for about four years now, in a fairly quiet neighbourhood near the river. I'd say I'm broadly happy there — I used to want somewhere busier, but I've grown into the quietness, especially since I started working from home. It's the kind of street where you notice the seasons changing, which sounds small but actually matters to me. Hobby: I've been getting back into film photography over the last year, which sounds dreadful in the age of phones, I know. But there's something genuinely rewarding about waiting two weeks to see a roll of negatives. Have you ever tried it?
Groups of three. Student A = examiner, B = candidate, C = silent scorer (counts hedges, tracks tenses, notes one missing detail). 3 minutes per round, then rotate. Different question set each round.
Speaking Part 3 — agree together which TWO Part 1 questions are the hardest to answer well at C1.
Which Part 1 questions trip up C1 candidates most?
'Where are you from?'
Too easy to give a one-line answer.
'What do you do?'
Risk of jargon and listing.
'Do you have any hobbies?'
Tempts a memorised script.
'What are your plans for the future?'
Mixes tenses and modality.
Useful phrases
Optional · Teacher-led
Use either or both for a longer session. ~20 min total
Homework · Section 12
Take-homeRecord yourself answering the five Speaking Part 1 questions below using the SSI structure. Listen back and self-mark.
questions · Speaking Part 1 — your five questions
prompts · Self-mark each answer
Write a 220-word self-introduction for a hypothetical professional networking event. It should sound like you, not a candidate.
prompts · Cover at least four of these
vocab list · Use ≥4 of these
Build five 'evaluative pairs' (adverb + adjective) you'd actually use to describe yourself or your work.
vocab list · Starter list — use any of these, or build your own
prompts · For each pair
Re-listen to today's model Part 1 (Maya). Note three things Maya does that make her sound 'at ease' rather than 'rehearsed'.
audio script · Maya's Part 1 — full transcript
Examiner: So, Maya, where are you from? Maya: I'm from Valencia, originally — though I've been based in Berlin for the last three years. So I've kind of got two answers to that question, depending on the day. Examiner: And what do you do? Maya: I work in user research for a fintech start-up. It's demanding — long days, lots of interviews — but I find it genuinely fulfilling, especially when our research actually changes a product decision. Examiner: Have you always been interested in that field? Maya: Not always, no. I trained as a psychologist, but I've been drawn to design questions for years, so user research was a kind of bridge. It's been a real turning point, looking back. Examiner: And in your free time? Maya: These days I've been getting back into long-distance running, which sounds dreadful, I know, but it's rewarding in its own way. There's something about a two-hour run that resets your thinking. Do you run at all?
prompts · Listen for…
Recap · Section 13
Wrap-upLesson complete
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